About
How the legal system was operated: In the Roman system all laws are listed by crimes. The judgment and punishments are based on precedent. Most early civilisations were ruled by arbitrary judgements of Kings or Priest Laws. There were three main stages of development in the making of the Roman law theses were:
1. The legis actiones, (known as the twelve tables in modern day.) the twelve tables was a ten-man commission with extraordinary powers, set forth the basis of laws for all Roman citizens. These tables covered all areas of the law, emphazing the procedure the will go underway following various crimes.
2. The formulary system (late second century to the end of the third century.)
3. The cognito extraordinaria, (in operation during the post-classical period – after the end of the third period.)
When the legal system operated: According to legend Rome was founded in 753 BC. In Ancient Roman Law the punishments for not following the law were at the hands of whoever the ruler that apposed the crime was. Julius Caesar ruled as a dictator in 100 BC and during this time created a set of new laws. Although there is no set date to when the law was exactly formed. Rulers through out time have made decisions based on precedent, from these similar cases that were reoccurring where made into a law.
What the legal system did: The basics of a legal system are to lower crime rates and provide justice and stability throughout a community. Essentially without a legal system chaos would be inevitable. Some of the many punishments conducted during roman times were:
-If one admitted to stealing or killing an animal or slave, he must pay the rightful owner the value of the property. If he denied the action and was found guilty, he would then be required to pay double the value.
-A thief, caught in the night, could be killed provided the thief had been forewarned by a shout.
-One might legally kill to defend oneself.
-A father might recover the amount of his loss of prospective profit from his son's services should the son be maimed.
-Excessive brutality on the part of a teacher is culpable.
-Should one slip while carrying a heavy burden and that burden do harm to another, the 1st party is culpable since he should not have over-burdened himself nor been so negligent as to walk on a slippery surface.
-If one dies from a drug administered by another, the administering person is culpable. If the drug is given to the victim to take
Who operates the legal system: The Roman law that we know today was created and codified by Gaius, during the Flavian emperors is today the basis for most Europeans legal systems and laws. A significant amount of time after the 6th century AD emperor Justinian I began to publish a comprehensive code of laws. Known as the Corpus Juris Civillis, more commonly known as the Justinian code.
The magistracies were divided into what became known as the cursus honorum, or the course of honors. Generally, one would start at the bottom of the course, with a junior magistracy, and gradually rise through the ranks to the chief magistracy of consul. Magsitracies included:
Quaestor: Primarily a financial officer. One accompanied each general or provincial governor as a treasurer or paymaster. The minimum age was 31.
Aedile: Supervised commere in the marketplace, food supplies, streets, public buildings, games, and festivities. They are nearly the equivalent of what we would call a city manager.
Praetor: Acted as judges in legal disputes, as provincial governors, and as managers of public spectacles. The minimum age requirement was 40 years old.
Consul: Two in number, the consuls headed the government. Like all magistrates except censors, they served for one year. There was a minimum age requirement of 43.
Censors: Elected every five years. Drew up a census of the people, showed the amount of property owned by each, and supervised the morals and conduct of the citizens. They made contracts for public works and the collection of taxes. Thus, a censor was the equivalent of today's sheriff, among other positions.
Senate: Advisory council of elders under the kings, adn still in place in the republic and empire. In Cicero's day, it was entirely composed of ex-magistrates. The office of Senate was held for life, unless the senator was found guilty of some grave misconduct.
Relevant facts: Today the Roman law is vastly different, it has been replaced by modern codes. However the law has not completely been updated by scratch. But have been changed to a large extent, the laws have been placed into a statutory framework, this provided a modern system
1. The legis actiones, (known as the twelve tables in modern day.) the twelve tables was a ten-man commission with extraordinary powers, set forth the basis of laws for all Roman citizens. These tables covered all areas of the law, emphazing the procedure the will go underway following various crimes.
2. The formulary system (late second century to the end of the third century.)
3. The cognito extraordinaria, (in operation during the post-classical period – after the end of the third period.)
When the legal system operated: According to legend Rome was founded in 753 BC. In Ancient Roman Law the punishments for not following the law were at the hands of whoever the ruler that apposed the crime was. Julius Caesar ruled as a dictator in 100 BC and during this time created a set of new laws. Although there is no set date to when the law was exactly formed. Rulers through out time have made decisions based on precedent, from these similar cases that were reoccurring where made into a law.
What the legal system did: The basics of a legal system are to lower crime rates and provide justice and stability throughout a community. Essentially without a legal system chaos would be inevitable. Some of the many punishments conducted during roman times were:
-If one admitted to stealing or killing an animal or slave, he must pay the rightful owner the value of the property. If he denied the action and was found guilty, he would then be required to pay double the value.
-A thief, caught in the night, could be killed provided the thief had been forewarned by a shout.
-One might legally kill to defend oneself.
-A father might recover the amount of his loss of prospective profit from his son's services should the son be maimed.
-Excessive brutality on the part of a teacher is culpable.
-Should one slip while carrying a heavy burden and that burden do harm to another, the 1st party is culpable since he should not have over-burdened himself nor been so negligent as to walk on a slippery surface.
-If one dies from a drug administered by another, the administering person is culpable. If the drug is given to the victim to take
Who operates the legal system: The Roman law that we know today was created and codified by Gaius, during the Flavian emperors is today the basis for most Europeans legal systems and laws. A significant amount of time after the 6th century AD emperor Justinian I began to publish a comprehensive code of laws. Known as the Corpus Juris Civillis, more commonly known as the Justinian code.
The magistracies were divided into what became known as the cursus honorum, or the course of honors. Generally, one would start at the bottom of the course, with a junior magistracy, and gradually rise through the ranks to the chief magistracy of consul. Magsitracies included:
Quaestor: Primarily a financial officer. One accompanied each general or provincial governor as a treasurer or paymaster. The minimum age was 31.
Aedile: Supervised commere in the marketplace, food supplies, streets, public buildings, games, and festivities. They are nearly the equivalent of what we would call a city manager.
Praetor: Acted as judges in legal disputes, as provincial governors, and as managers of public spectacles. The minimum age requirement was 40 years old.
Consul: Two in number, the consuls headed the government. Like all magistrates except censors, they served for one year. There was a minimum age requirement of 43.
Censors: Elected every five years. Drew up a census of the people, showed the amount of property owned by each, and supervised the morals and conduct of the citizens. They made contracts for public works and the collection of taxes. Thus, a censor was the equivalent of today's sheriff, among other positions.
Senate: Advisory council of elders under the kings, adn still in place in the republic and empire. In Cicero's day, it was entirely composed of ex-magistrates. The office of Senate was held for life, unless the senator was found guilty of some grave misconduct.
Relevant facts: Today the Roman law is vastly different, it has been replaced by modern codes. However the law has not completely been updated by scratch. But have been changed to a large extent, the laws have been placed into a statutory framework, this provided a modern system